Circumcision is a surgical procedure involving the complete removal of the foreskin (prepuce) that covers the glans penis. In adults, it is typically performed under general anaesthetic as a day case, and is most often indicated for phimosis, recurrent balanitis, lichen sclerosus (BXO), or as part of preparation for reconstructive urethral surgery.
The procedure involves circumferential excision of the foreskin with careful haemostasis and closure using fine absorbable sutures. The glans is left exposed, and the wound generally heals within 10–14 days.
Indications include:
Pathological phimosis (tight foreskin that cannot be retracted)
Recurrent balanitis or balanoposthitis
Balanitis xerotica obliterans (lichen sclerosus)
Preoperative requirement for staged urethral reconstruction
Patient request in select cases (after full counselling)
Postoperative care includes:
Keeping the area clean and dry
Daily gentle cleaning with warm water (no soaps or antiseptics)
Wearing loose underwear for comfort
Avoiding sexual activity or masturbation for 6 weeks to allow complete healing
Use of mild analgesics (e.g. paracetamol or ibuprofen) for discomfort
Mild swelling, bruising, or sensitivity are common and temporary. Circumcision is a safe and effective procedure when medically indicated, with a high success rate and low complication risk when post-op instructions are followed carefully.
